By 1640 the natives were having trouble finding enough animals in the Pine Bush to supply the growing European demand. For the natives the Pine Bush was an important source of firewood and animal pelts to trade with the Dutch. The Dutch traded with both native groups from their outpost at Fort Orange (present-day Albany), which was established in 1624. When Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, two groups lived in the immediate area: the Mohawk nation of the Haudenosaunee to the west along the Mohawk River, and the Mohican to the east, along the Hudson River. History European colonization Īround 10,000 years ago Native Americans moved into the Pine Bush area. In 2014, Albany Pine Bush was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. It is home to the Karner blue butterfly, an endangered species first identified by author Vladimir Nabokov in 1944 using a type specimen from the Pine Bush. Historically regarded by European settlers as desolate and dangerous to cross, the Pine Bush has come to be seen as a historical, cultural, and environmental asset to the Capital District and Hudson Valley regions of New York. The 135-acre (55 ha) Woodlawn Preserve and surrounding areas in Schenectady County are the western sections of the Pine Bush, separated geographically by other properties from the Albany Pine Bush Preserve in Albany County. The Albany Pine Bush is the sole remaining undeveloped portion of a pine barrens that once covered over 40 square miles (100 km 2), and is "one of the best remaining examples of an inland pine barrens ecosystem in the world." By 2008 it included all parcels of the Albany Pine Bush Preserve (a state nature preserve spanning 3,200 acres (1,300 ha)), the properties that connect these protected parcels, and some of the surrounding areas that abut the preserve. The Albany Pine Bush was formed thousands of years ago, following the drainage of Glacial Lake Albany. It is centrally located in New York's Capital District within Albany and Schenectady counties, between the cities of Albany and Schenectady. The Albany Pine Bush, referred to locally as the Pine Bush, is one of the largest of the 20 inland pine barrens in the world. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
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