This helps me better understand (or simply remember!) each branch’s intent when modifying the file. I then inspect the development history (since the branches diverged) for each file with merge conflicts. As mentioned previously, the merge base is essentially the commit before the two branches forked. If the merge results in conflicts, I start by finding the merge base using the git merge-base command. You can abort an in-progress merge using the git merge -abort command. This allows you to easily abandon your merge at any point without losing any of your work. If you have work in progress, either commit it to a temporary branch or stash it. However, sometimes both branches change the same part of the same file, resulting in merge conflicts.įirst of all, you should always make sure your working directory is clean before merging. Git is smart, and non-overlapping changes (areas of code modified by one branch but not that other) are automatically incorporated into the final merged result. Git uses the merge base to identify what changed since the branches diverged. The merge base is essentially the most recent common ancestor (often this is the commit before the two branches forked). In a three way merge, Git’s merge algorithm uses the current branch, the target branch, and their merge base in order to incorporate changes from the target branch into the current branch. In those cases, a 3-way merge is required, which uses a dedicated commit to bring together the two histories. However, a fast-forward merge is not possible if the branches have diverged. In this case, instead of actually merging the branches, Git simply moves (or fast forwards) the current branch tip up to the target branch tip. There are two types of merges: fast-forward merges and 3-way merges.įast forward merges occur when the tip of the current branch is a direct ancestor of the target branch. The branch being merged (aka the target branch) will not be affected. When merging, Git always merges into the current branch. If you’re already fluent in Git, feel free to skip to the strategies and tools section.Īs Atlassian’s branching tutorial explains “Merging is Git’s way of putting a forked history back together again.”Ī Git merge is run via the command git merge. Git for Windows tip: Setting shell aliases with msysgit ( are many good online tutorials that cover Git merging, so I’ll just review the basics.Git for Windows tip: setting an editor ().To select the local version, for example, I would click the blue diamond icon and then save and quit. In the merge window at the bottom all three versions are currently selected. The local version on the left, the base version in the middle and the remote version (the master branch) on the right. An example of using P4MergeĪnd this is what a 3-way merge looks like. orig file automatically by setting mergetool.keepBackup to false in git config but I have not succeeded in getting that to work for me yet. It should be possible to have git remove the. Finally commit the merge and then remove any. Choose which version wins or edit the merge manually and then save and quit P4Merge. The base version is the common ancestor of the local version and the remote version. This will open P4Merge and show three different versions of the file your local version, the version you are trying to merge in (probably the master branch) and the base version.
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